1. Isingeniso
Umshini wokusika{0}noma ngabe usetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kokukhangisa, ekwenzeni izindwangu, ukupakisha, ukucutshungulwa kwesikhumba, noma ukwenziwa kwezinto eziyinhlanganisela{1}}kungelinye lamathuluzi abaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizeni kwesimanjemanje. Njengoba isidingo sokukhiqiza sikhula namazinga ekhwalithi yomkhiqizo eqhubeka nokukhuphuka, ukugcina umshini usesimweni esihle sokusebenza kuba bucayi nakakhulu. Ukugcinwa okufanele akuqinisekisi kuphela ukusebenza okuzinzile kokusika kodwa futhi kunciphisa ubungozi bokuphelelwa yisikhathi, konga izindleko, futhi kwandise impilo yonke yesevisi yomshini.
Izinkampani eziningi zikholelwa ngephutha ukuthi ukunakekelwa kuyadingeka kuphela lapho kuvela izinkinga. Eqinisweni, ukugcinwa kokuvimbela okuqhubekayo kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokugcina umshini wokusika usebenza ngokusebenza okuphezulu. Umshini-onakekelwa kahle uletha ukusikeka okuhlanzekile, isivinini esisheshayo, nokunemba okukhulu, okuthonya ngokuqondile ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenzisa umshini wokusika ummese we-CNC oscillating, umshini wokusika ummese ojikelezayo, umshini wokusika i-laser, noma{4}}uhlelo lokusika oluxubile, ukunakekelwa okufanele kuzohlala kuyisici esinqumayo phakathi kokusebenza{5}}okuzinzile kwesikhathi eside kanye nokuphazamiseka okuvamile.
Lo mhlahlandlela unikeza umbono obanzi wokuthi igcinwa kanjani imishini yokusika ngendlela yansuku zonke, yamasonto onke, kanye nenyanga, okuhlanganisa ukuthambisa, ukuhlola, ukulinganisa, ukushintshwa okusebenzisekayo, kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha. Idizayinelwe opharetha, ochwepheshe, nabanikazi bamabhizinisi abafuna ukukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kwemishini nokuqinisekisa impilo ende nethembekile yesevisi.
2. Kungani Ukunakekela Kubalulekile
2.1 Iqinisekisa Ikhwalithi Yokusika Okungaguquki
Umshini wokusika uncike ekunembeni kwemishini, ukunyakaza okuzinzile, izindwani ezibukhali, nokulawula ingcindezi okunembile. Ngaphandle kokunakekelwa, izingxenye ziwohloka kancane kancane:
Ama-blades abe buthuntu
Ama-Bearings ayaguga
Amabhande ayaxega
Kunqwabelana uthuli
Ukumunca kuba buthaka
Lezi zinkinga zithinta ngokuqondile ikhwalithi yokusika, okuholela emaphethelweni aphukile, ubukhulu obungalungile, ukuguqulwa, izimpawu ezishile (emishinini ye-laser), noma ukujula kokusika okungazinzile.
Ukunakekelwa okuvamile kuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umsebenzi uhlangabezana nokunemba okudingekayo nokungaguquguquki.
2.2 Yandisa Isikhathi Sokuphila Komshini
Imishini yokusika ingutshalomali-yesikhathi eside. Izingxenye ezifana nalezi:
izinsimbi zokuqondisa
ama-bearings
izinjini
amabhande
amaphampu vacuum
ingahlala iminyaka eminingi uma inakekelwa kahle. Ukunganakwa kubangela ukuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukungahambi kahle, ukushisa ngokweqile, noma ubunzima obungadingekile ezingxenyeni ezinkulu. Ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile kunciphisa{2}}izindleko zokulungisa zesikhathi eside futhi kwandisa impilo yomshini.
2.3 Yehlisa Isikhathi Sokuphumula Esingahleliwe
Inkinga eyodwa encane-njengekhebuli exegayo noma inzwa engcolile{1}ingamisa ukukhiqizwa kungalindelekile. Isikhathi sokuphumula siyabiza:
abasebenzi bahlala bengenzi lutho
ama-oda abambezelekile
impahla ingase ichithwe
amakhasimende angase akhononde
Ukunakekelwa okuvimbelayo kukuvumela ukuthi ubone izinkinga ngaphambi kokuthi ziphenduke ukwehluleka.
2.4 Ithuthukisa Ukuphepha Kwabasebenzisi
Umshini wokusika ongagcinwa kahle ungaba yingozi.
Ngokwesibonelo:
ama-blade avulekile angase ahlukane
izinjini ezishisa kakhulu zingadala imililo
ukwehluleka ukumunca kungase kubangele ukushelela kwezinto
amabhande agugile anganqamuka
Ukuhlola okuvamile kunciphisa izingozi zokuphepha futhi kuvikela abaqhubi ekulimaleni.
2.5 Yehlisa Izindleko Ezinde Zokusebenza-zesikhathi eside
Ukunakekela konga imali ngokuthi:
ukunciphisa imvamisa yokulungisa
ukwehlisa ukusetshenziswa okusetshenziswayo
ukwandisa ubude bempilo ye-blade
ukuvimbela ukulimala kwemoto noma iphampu
ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukulungisa okuvamile kubiza kakhulu kunokulungisa umshini onganakiwe.
2.6 Igcina Ukusebenza Kusezingeni eliphezulu
Umshini osebenza kahle:
isika ngokushesha
ukusikeka cleaner
idinga ukuvuselelwa okuncane
idla amandla amancane
kunciphisa udoti wezinto ezibonakalayo
Izinkampani ezibeka phambili ukulungiswa njalo zithola umkhiqizo ophezulu kanye nezindleko eziphansi zokusebenza zizonke.
6. Gcina uhlelo lukagesi
Uhlelo lukagesi lungenye yezingxenye ezibucayi kakhulu zomshini wokusika.
Hlola njalo izintambo, izixhumi, izinzwa, nephaneli yokulawula ukuze uthole izimpawu zokuguga. Izintambo ezixegayo zingaholela ekusebenzeni okungazinzile kokusika, ukuvala shaqa kungazelelwe, noma ngisho nezingozi zokuphepha.
Hlola ukuthi i-voltage izinzile yini nokuthi isixhumi esibonakalayo samandla siyabonisa yini izimpawu zokushisa ngokweqile.
Lapho uhlanza ikhabethe likagesi, sebenzisa umoya owomile kuphela futhi ugweme noma yimuphi umswakama.
Uma kuvela izinkomba ezingavamile, iphunga elivuthayo, noma amaphutha esistimu, misa ukusebenza ngokushesha futhi umeme uchwepheshe oqinisekisiwe ukuthi ahlole umshini.
7. Hlanza Futhi Ugcine Ithebula Lokusebenza
Ithebula lokusebenza lithinta ngokuqondile ukunemba kokusika.
Uthuli, izinsalela zokunamathisela, ama-chips, noma izinsalela zendwangu zingakheka, kubangele ukusika okungalingani nokubekwa kwempahla engazinzile.
Sula indawo yonke nsuku zonke ngendwangu eyomile, futhi wenze ukuhlanza okujulile masonto onke.
Uma umshini usebenzisa itafula lokumunca i-vacuum, hlola njalo izimbobo zokudonsa ukuze zivaleke.
Emishini esebenzisa ikhekheba lezinyosi noma amatafula e-aluminium, shintsha amapuleti egridi alimele ukuze ugweme ukuthikameza indlela yokusika.
8. Gcina i-Vacuum noma Isistimu Yomoya
Uma umshini wakho wokusika uhlanganisa i-vacuum system, ipompo yomoya, noma i-compressor, lezi zingxenye kufanele zithole ukunakekelwa okuvamile.
Hlanza noma shintsha izihlungi njalo ezinyangeni ezi-1-3 kuye ngokusetshenziswa.
Khipha amanzi ethangini lomoya njalo ukuze uvimbele umswakama ukuthi ungangeni ohlelweni lwe-pneumatic.
Hlola wonke ama-valve namapayipi ukuze avuze-ukuvuza komoya kunciphisa amandla okusika futhi kwehlisa ukusebenza kahle.
Amasistimu omoya agcinwe kahle anciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla futhi andise kakhulu impilo yesevisi yomshini.
9. Gcina i-Software kanye nokulinganiswa
Ukusebenza komshini akuncikile ku-hardware kuphela kodwa futhi nasekuzinzeni kwesoftware nokunemba kokulinganisa.
Buyekeza isofthiwe yokulawula yomshini noma i-firmware njengoba kunconywe umenzi.
Yenza ukulinganisa ngezikhathi ezithile kwamakhanda e-laser, izindwani, amakhamera (CCD), namamojula wokumisa ukuze uqinisekise ukunemba.
Uma umshini uhlanganisa ukutholwa konqenqema okuzenzakalelayo noma isistimu yokuqondanisa ikhamera, hlanza ilensi ngendwangu ethambile ye-microfiber ukuze ugcine izithombe zicacile.
Yenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yamapharamitha omshini njalo ukuze uvimbele ukulahleka kwedatha phakathi nokuhluleka kwamandla.
10. Shintsha Izingxenye Ezigugile Ngesikhathi
Imishini yokusika iqukethe izingxenye ezisebenzisekayo ezihlanganisa amabhande, amagiya, ama-pulleys, ama-bearings, ama-blades, namashubhu e-laser.
Ukusebenzisa izinto eziguge kakhulu kungabangela ukuchezuka, ukudlidliza, noma ukulimala komshini.
Landela umjikelezo wokushintsha womkhiqizi futhi ugcine izingxenye eziyisipele ezibalulekile esitokweni.
Kumasistimu-ashayelwa ngamabhande, hlola ukungezwani kwebhande njalo-izimbangela ezixegayo kakhulu zokushelela, ukumpintshana kakhulu kwandisa umthwalo wokusebenza.
Ukushintshwa okusebenzayo kubiza ngaphansi kakhulu kunokulungisa umonakalo odalwe ukwehluleka kwengxenye.
11. Gcina Imvelo Ehlanzekile Yokusebenza
Indawo yokusebenza ithinta kakhulu ukusebenza komshini wokusika.
Gcina indawo yokusebenza ingenalo uthuli oluningi, umswakama, namagesi abolayo.
Qinisekisa ukuthi kungena umoya omuhle ukusiza ukukhipha ukushisa emshinini.
Gwema ukubeka izinto ezisindayo endaweni yomshini, futhi ugcine izinga lokushisa elifanele legumbi.
Indawo yokusebenza ehlanzekile, ehlelekile inciphisa umthwalo womshini, ivimbele ukungcola, futhi ithuthukise ukuphepha komsebenzisi.
12. Gcina Uhlelo Lokupholisa
Emishinini efakwe amashubhu e-laser,{0}ama-spindle anamandla aphezulu, noma ama-servo motors, isistimu yokupholisa ibalulekile.
Hlola i-chiller yamanzi noma iphampu yokupholisa njalo ukuze uqinisekise ukugeleza kwamanzi okuzinzile.
Faka esikhundleni samanzi okupholisa njalo-amanzi acwengekile noma okokupholisa kunconywa ukuvimbela ukunqwabelana kwamaminerali.
Gcina izinga lokushisa lamanzi ngaphakathi kwebanga elinconyiwe (ngokuvamile lingama-20-25 degrees emishini ye-laser).
Hlola amapayipi amanzi ukuze abone ukuvuza, ukuqhekeka, noma ukuvaleka.
Uhlelo lokupholisa oluzinzile luvimbela kakhulu ukushisa, ukuwohloka, nokwehluleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwezingxenye ezibalulekile.
13. Gcina Izilungiselelo Zesofthiwe Yokusika Elungiselelwe
Isoftware yomshini idlala indima enkulu ekunciphiseni ukusebenza.
Buyekeza njalo amapharamitha wokusika njengejubane, amandla, ingcindezi, nokusheshisa.
Ukusebenzisa izilungiselelo ezingalungile kungalimaza izinto, kunciphise ukunemba, noma ukusebenza ngokweqile komshini.
Londoloza izifanekiso zepharamitha eziningi zezinto ezahlukahlukene njenge-acrylic, i-PVC, indwangu, isikhumba, igwebu, noma amabhodi e-KT.
-amafayela epharamitha ahlelwe kahle anciphisa izinga lamaphutha futhi athuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.
14. Gcina Izingxenye Zokuphepha
Ukuphepha kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokugcinwa komshini.
Hlola ukushintsha komkhawulo, izinkinobho zokumisa izimo eziphuthumayo, amakhava okuphepha, nezinzwa zeminyango.
Qinisekisa ukuthi umshini uyama ngokushesha lapho uhlelo lokuphepha luqalisiwe.
Shintshanisa izingxenye zokuphepha ezilimele noma ezindala ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Qeqesha wonke umsebenzi ukuthi aqonde izinqubo zokuphepha, izinyathelo zokuvala umshini, kanye nokuxazulula inkinga okuyisisekelo.
15. Gcina i-CCD noma Uhlelo Lombono
Imishini yokusika yesimanje ngokuvamile ihlanganisa ikhamera ye-CCD noma imojula yokubeka umbono.
Hlanza i-lens ngendwangu ye-microfiber futhi ugweme ukuyithinta ngeminwe.
Susa uthuli endlini yekhamera ukuze ugcine isithombe esizinzile.
Hlola ukuthi izibani ze-LED ezizungeze ikhamera zisebenza kahle-ukukhanya okumnyama noma okucwayizayo kuthinta ukuqashelwa.
Qalisa izinqubo zokulinganisa masonto onke ukuze uqinisekise ukubonwa kwekhonta, maka-iphoyinti lokuma, kanye nokutholwa{1}}okuzenzakalelayo komphetho kuhlala kunembile.
16. Qapha Ukusebenza Komshini Ngokuhamba Kwesikhathi
Dala ilogi yokusebenza yomshini wakho wokusika.
Rekhoda isivinini sokusika, ikhwalithi, izinga lomsindo, ukudlidliza, ukunemba kokuqondanisa, nanoma yikuphi okudidayo.
Ushintsho oluhamba kancane luvame ukukhombisa izinkinga ezikhulayo njengezingxenye ezixegayo, ama-bearings agugile, ukungaqondani kahle, noma ukugqokwa kwebhande.
Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kukuvumela ukuthi ulungise izinkinga ezincane ngaphambi kokuthi zibe ukwehluleka okukhulu.
17. Hlela Isondlo Sochwepheshe
Nakuba ukunakekelwa kwansuku zonke kungenziwa-endlini, isevisi yobungcweti isabalulekile.
Hlela uchwepheshe ukuthi enze ukunakekela okuphelele njalo ezinyangeni eziyisi-6-12.
Uchwepheshe angahlola ukujikeleza kwangaphakathi, ukuqondanisa kwe-laser, ukushuna kwe-servo, ukuzinza kwe-voltage, namaphoyinti okugcoba abaqhubi abangase bangawaqapheli.
Ukunakekelwa okuvamile kochwepheshe kuvimbela ukuphuka okungazelelwe futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi umshini uhlala esimweni sokusebenza okuphezulu.
18. Qeqesha Abaqhubi Njalo
Umsebenzisi{0}oqeqeshwe kahle ungenye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuvikela umshini.
Ukuqeqeshwa kufanele kufake:
Izinqubo ezilungile zokuqalisa nokuvala shaqa
Ukulungiselelwa kwepharamitha kokubalulekile ngakunye
Ukuxazulula inkinga okuyisisekelo
Izinqubo zokuhlanza nezokugcoba
Amazinga okusebenza okuphepha
Ukuqonda ukulinganiselwa komshini (ukugwema ukugcwala)
Ukunikeza ukuqeqeshwa okubuyekeziwe kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kabi kwengozi, kuvimbela umonakalo odalwe izilungiselelo ezingalungile noma ukuphatha okungalungile.
19. Gcina Impahla Kahle
Izinto ezisikwayo nazo zinomthelela ekugcinweni komshini.
Izinto ezimanzi, ezigobile, noma ezinothuli zingabangela ukuminyana, ukusikwa okungalungile, noma ukunqwabelana kwezinsalela.
Gcina i-acrylic, ibhodi le-PVC, ibhodi le-KT, izindwangu, igwebu, nesikhumba emashalofini ahlanzekile, omile, ayisicaba.
Gwema ukushiya izinto ngokuqondile etafuleni lokusebenza ubusuku bonke, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinokunamathela okunamathelayo ezingashiya izinsalela.
20. Sungula-Uhlelo Lwesondlo Lwesikhathi Eside
Umshini wokusika udinga ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo, okuhlelekile.
Dala-uhlelo lwesikhathi eside oluhlanganisa:
Ukuhlanza nsuku zonke
Ukuhlolwa kwamasonto onke
Ukulinganisa kwanyanga zonke
Ukushintshwa kwengxenye yekota
Ukuhlolwa okuphelele konyaka
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesoftware
Ukuphathwa kwesitoko esisebenzisekayo
Isheduli yokulungisa ehlelekile iqinisekisa-ukukhiqiza kwesikhathi eside, izindleko eziphansi zokulungisa, kanye nomsebenzi ozinzile{1}unyaka wonke.
Isiphetho
Ukunakekela kahle umshini wokusika kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza okuzinzile, ukusika okunembayo, -nokuqina kwesikhathi eside.
Ngokuhlanza nsuku zonke, ukuthambisa okuvamile, ukulinganisa okufika ngesikhathi, kanye nokushintshanisa okusebenzisekayo esikhundleni, unganciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula futhi wandise impilo yomshini ngokuphawulekayo.
Umshini wokusika{0}onakekelwa kahle awugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kodwa futhi uqinisekisa ikhwalithi engashintshi-okwenza ukukhiqiza kwakho kuqhudelane futhi kuthembeke.
